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A Likable President's Unlikable Deeds
By Rene Ciria-Cruz
Date: 10-30-00
Charm, good looks, a "common" touch, especially in his
occasional misuse of English, brought Joseph Estrada a landslide victory in
the Philippines two years ago. But troubles began from the day he took
office, and suspicion and criticism have now given way to widespread unrest.
PNS editor Rene Ciria-Cruz is also the longtime editor of Filipinas Magazine
in San Francisco.
He was so likable. His mangled English and malapropisms added to his
rough charm as the candidate with a common touch. So they elected
him president.
Now, tens of thousands are marching to demand his resignation, and
his opponents in Congress want him impeached.
Philippines President Joseph Estrada is in deep trouble, and many
Filipinos are now sorry they weren't careful what they wished for.
Estrada, it turns out, is only likable to a point.
As their massive protests show, Filipinos have had enough not only of
the lemon they chose, but also of the entrenched corruption he
epitomizes.
Estrada's two-year-old presidency, shadowed by rumors of wrongdoing
from the start, recently began to unravel when a disgruntled crony
claimed he gave the president $8.6 million in payoffs from an illegal
numbers game called "jueteng" and $2.6 million in kickbacks from a
tobacco tax.
For Filipinos, "Jueteng-gate" is the last straw. It confirms suspicions
that their president is no populist reformer but a Godfather, a vulgar
throwback to the likes of Ferdinand Marcos and his wife Imelda.
Polls show confidence in the government is at an all-time low, and as
the political crisis drags the economy down, the peso's value has
plunged, promising higher prices and harder times ahead.
Most Filipino voters hoped that Estrada would make a difference. Highly
educated presidents had failed to deliver the nation from corruption
and poverty. Perhaps the plain-speaking college dropout would do
better.
Although he is himself a member of the elite, he acted like the poor
guy from the 'hood. Yes, he drank and played hard, but his heart
seemed to be with the poor and the underdog--just like in his movies.
Businessmen warned that he wasn't smart enough to lead. Intellectuals
decried the pitfalls of his unabashed philistinism. But the desperate
poor--as well as many reform-minded voters-- dismissed all this as
elitist prattle.
With his fresh, irreverent style, Estrada won by a landslide--or, as he
joked self-deprecatingly, "by a landscape." His victory was essentially a
grass-roots rebellion against the intellectual requirements of
democratic rule.
But controversy and scandal dogged President Estrada from day one.
He tried to honor the late dictator Marcos as a national hero. He was
accused of insider trading in stocks. He hired expert advisers and then
ignored them, favoring instead a "midnight cabinet" of rich drinking
buddies, whose whispered advice shaped policy decisions.
He flaunted his many families--he has at least 11 children by
six--despite questions about how his president's salary can support
their mansions and opulent lifestyles.
I met Estrada before he became president. A full-body bloat had
already taken over his matinee-idol good looks. But he was charming,
and generous with his attention.
His limited political vision was striking. Beyond assurances that he
cared for the poor, he offered only simple-minded answers to complex
problems--stop criminals "with only the language they
understand--force"; set up more charity programs; co-opt graft if you
can't beat it.
As if to presage his current scandal, he proudly recalled how, as mayor
of a small city, he forced a local numbers syndicate to stop bribing
individual cops and to pay instead into a "new fund"--which used the
money for scholarships and funeral benefits for the policemen's
families.
On a visit to the Philippines last May, I reported on some of the
damage wrought by Estrada's simplistic world view. He scrapped his
predecessor's policy of negotiating with Muslim rebels and--just like in
his movies--tried to end the rebellion in one big shootout, oblivious of
the knotty religious and ancestral rights issues that have fueled the
separatism for hundreds of years.
Estrada's all-out war tore through one of the country's bread baskets,
killed hundreds, uprooted hundreds of thousands, and threatened to
engulf wider areas. This ignorant policy fed Christian chauvinism, and
his popularity soared briefly.
Then things went downhill--some rulers get into trouble by boldly
nationalizing industries; Estrada, with his limited vision, invited doom
by trying to nationalize the numbers game.
As in many poor, developing countries, where favors coursing though
infinite webs of personal connections are important tools for survival,
the culture of corruption permeates daily life in the Philippines.
But it is a culture the Filipinos no longer necessarily want to live with.
Corruption is one big obstacle to national economic progress and real
personal advancement. The thousands who emigrate to other countries
are seeking not only jobs, but also the opportunity to work in a system
with reasonable rules of fair play.
In the Philippines, therefore, any serious campaign against corruption
would constitute a revolutionary act. The mounting protests against
Estrada should be seen in this light. They are not just aimed at a
sitting president. These protests signify a common hunger for a higher
standard of governance. They are also a profound self-criticism, a
declaration that Filipinos are no longer willing to live in the old way.

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