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Indonesians Try To Build A New Life In The Rockies
By Benjamin Read
Date: 01-24-01
The idea of "global" enterprise is usually addressed in
terms of trade balances and shifts of industrial capacity. But some
aspects of the new reality are hard to see and quite surprising. PNS
commentator Benjamin Read is a freelance writer from Casper, Wyoming.
On the other side of the globe, as far from
their homeland as it is possible to be, a small community of
Indonesians
is coming together in this resort town in the northern Rockies.
As with many others fleeing political and economic turmoil, these
emigrants have entered an unfamiliar world that is sometimes only
marginally more secure than what they left behind.
"Indonesian people don't know anything about Wyoming and especially
Jackson," said Franz, a Christian from Manado, who like other
Indonesians
has adopted an easy-to-pronounce version of his name.
"They have to open the map and then see where is Wyoming. It's scary
for
them to come here, maybe because it's so cold or too far. They don't
understand why we come here."
Unlike the many seasonal Hispanic workers who come to Jackson, the
Indonesians are likely to come from middle class, non-agrarian
backgrounds.
Most of those now living here first came to Jackson via employment
contractors who place workers in Chinese restaurants around the
country.
In return for lodging, tips and a base wage of as little as $200 per
month, the waiters work 60 to 80 hours per week. This arrangement
offers
some job security and it means they do not have to venture too far into
the unfamiliar American heartland.
Turnover is high, and during the off-season several of the local
Indonesian waiters have moved on to new postings in Billings, Cheyenne
and Idaho Falls. Others, like Steve and Ari, found apartments and now
work independently. Local Chinese restaurant owners are not at all
happy
to see this independent community spring up, because new agency
employees
who come to Jackson find their brethren and begin to think about their
options.
Many Indonesians have strong English language skills, which is one
reason
why they are sought by Chinese restaurants. Their language, Bahasa
Indonesia, adopted officially during the 1960s, employs the western
alphabet in its written form, which is based on the sounds of English,
so
it is relatively easy for Indonesians to learn English.
Steve, who has an advanced degree in architecture, fled Surabaya,
Indonesia's second largest city (2.4 million), after the small ethnic
Chinese community was attacked by Indonesian Muslims in 1997. He has
applied for political asylum because he is convinced, like other ethnic
Chinese Indonesians in Jackson, that ethnic strife will escalate.
Historically, the Chinese and Christian communities in Indonesia have
been the most successful economically. Steve fears that the economy
will
continue to weaken and the search for scapegoats will intensify.
Ari, who grew up in a Hindu family in a tourist town on Bali, lives
with
a Russian girlfriend in a condominium with a group of eastern
Europeans.
Four of the other Indonesians share a two-bedroom apartment. They
typically work in several jobs to get by and, when possible, send money
home.
The Indonesians, like young Americans and other foreign workers, play a
vital role in a seasonal economy where wages are low in relationship to
housing costs. But the Indonesians are more likely to be victimized by
unscrupulous employers than Americans, who can drop back into more
secure
settings.
Most find life in Jackson agreeable. "People here are friendly. They
always say hello," said Franz. "They want to know where we are coming
from, because we are different. They like to talk to us."
"Peace and safety" attracted Steve. He first lived in Los Angeles. "I
really didn't like it there. There were too many crimes and bad people.
It was much more dangerous than my city was in Indonesia."
But making a life in Jackson is not necessarily easy given high costs
and
low off-season paychecks.
Because they have middle class expectations, and reject the extremely
crowded housing conditions that are a way of life for short-term
Hispanic
workers, and because they avoid heavy, though better-paid work in
construction and other blue collar fields, the Indonesians are not
necessarily better off materially.
During the off-season, hundreds of Mexican workers go home to their
families with their savings. Next spring, many will return on new
seasonal visas. These are procured by their employers, but must be
picked
up in the recipient's country of origin.
This seasonal shuttle is not practical for the Indonesians. The cost of
commuting is prohibitive, and the procedures for obtaining seasonal
visas
are not so well established in Indonesia as they are in Mexico. Indeed,
the Indonesians feel that re-entering the United States may well be
impossible.
"Maybe I'll go back one day," said Steve. "If I do, I have to make sure
that I am strong financially so I can make a place for the others, for
the next generation. But now, it is not possible. With what you earn in
a
month (in Indonesia), you can only afford to live for a week or two.
And
besides, for us ethnic minorities, it is not safe in my country."

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